The skin turns purple and the victim begins to drool. Witnesses said he nodded his head for several minutes. About a half an hour later, orderlies enter the chamber, wearing gas masks and rubber gloves. As of April 17, , Oklahoma introduced death by nitrogen gas as an alternative to lethal injection if the necessary drugs cannot be found or if that method is found unconstitutional.
Nitrogen is a naturally occurring gas in the atmosphere, and death would be caused by forcing the inmate to breathe only nitrogen, thereby depriving him or her of oxygen. On March 23, , firing squad was reauthorized in Utah as a viable method of execution if, and only if the state was unable to obtain the drugs necessary to carry out a lethal injection execution. Prior to this reauthorization, firing squad was only a method of execution in Utah if chosen by an inmate before lethal injection became the sole means of execution.
The most recent execution by this method was that of Ronnie Gardner. By his own choosing, Gardner was executed by firing squad in Utah on June 17, For execution by this method, the inmate is typically bound to a chair with leather straps across his waist and head, in front of an oval-shaped canvas wall. Standing in an enclosure 20 feet away, five shooters are armed with.
One of the shooters is given blank rounds. Each of the shooters aims his rifle through a slot in the canvas and fires at the inmate. The person shot loses consciousness when shock causes a fall in the supply of blood to the brain. If the shooters miss the heart, by accident or intention, the prisoner bleeds to death slowly.
Until the s, hanging was the primary method of execution used in the United States. Hanging is still used in Delaware and Washington, although both have lethal injection as an alternative method of execution. For execution by this method, the inmate may be weighed the day before the execution, and a rehearsal is done using a sandbag of the same weight as the prisoner.
If the rope is too long, the inmate could be decapitated, and if it is too short, the strangulation could take as long as 45 minutes. Army manual. The execution takes place when a trap-door is opened and the prisoner falls through. However, instantaneous death rarely occurs. If this occurs the face becomes engorged, the tongue protrudes, the eyes pop, the body defecates, and violent movements of the limbs occur.
For the Media. For Educators. Supreme Court brought back the death penalty. The last, Delaware double murderer Billy Bailey, chose the gallows over lethal injection in and was pronounced dead 11 minutes after he plunged through a trapdoor with a noose around his neck.
The gas chamber was used in only 11 executions between and , largely because the deaths by cynanide were protracted and in some cases disturbing to watch. The last inmate to go this way, Walter LaGrand, chose it over lethal injection and choked and gagged for several minutes until he was pronounced dead 18 minutes after the poison pellets were dropped into acid, according to media witnesses in the Arizona prison. In , Mississippi officials claimed child rapist and killer Jimmy Lee Gray died two minutes after the gas started, but witnesses said he was still alive — moaning and banging his head against a pipe — when the viewing room was cleared eight minutes into the execution.
The length of lethal injections can vary widely due to the chemicals used, the physiology of the inmate and other complications. In cases where a short-acting barbiturate is followed by a paralytic and a heart-stopper, inmates have been rendered unconscious in seconds and pronounced dead in as little as five minutes. Due to drug shortages and bans, however, many states are using substitute chemicals that have led to protracted executions.
Three months later, Joseph Wood remained alive — gasping hundreds of times — for nearly two hours after Arizona injected him with a drug it had never used before. A poll conducted for NBC News last May found that Americans support a range of execution methods if lethal injections are no longer viable. Most of these camps used Zyklon B in their gas chambers.
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Trending keywords:. Featured Content. Tags Find topics of interest and explore encyclopedia content related to those topics. Browse A-Z Find articles, photos, maps, films, and more listed alphabetically. For Teachers Recommended resources and topics if you have limited time to teach about the Holocaust. Wise — International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg.
About This Site. Glossary : Full Glossary. More information about this image. At the Killing Centers Those who had been selected to die were led to gas chambers.
Key Dates October Germans begin killing of the impaired The systematic killing begins of those Germans whom the Nazis deem "unworthy of life. Article Nazi Rule. Article Jews in Prewar Germany.
Article The "Final Solution".
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