Benito Mussolini was an Italian political leader who became the fascist dictator of Italy from to Originally a revolutionary socialist, he forged the paramilitary fascist movement in and became prime minister in Educated at West Point, George S. Patton began his military career leading cavalry troops against Mexican forces and became the first officer assigned to the new U.
Promoted through the ranks over the next several decades, he Live TV. This Day In History. History Vault. Recommended for you. Francisco Pizarro.
Patton's Generals. Francisco Pizarro Francisco Pizarro was an explorer, soldier and conquistador best known for conquering the Incas and executing their leader, Atahuapla. San Francisco Earthquake of On April 18, , an earthquake and subsequent fires devastated San Francisco, California, leaving more than 3, people dead and destroying more than 28, buildings.
San Francisco Earthquake of On October 17, , a magnitude 6. Benito Mussolini Benito Mussolini was an Italian political leader who became the fascist dictator of Italy from to George S. See More. But like the Second Republic before it, the new government could do little to quell the growing divide between left- and right-leaning factions.
When elections that were held in February led to a shift in power to the left, Spain slipped further into chaos. For his part, Franco was once again marginalized, with a new posting to the Canary Islands. Though Franco accepted what amounted to banishment with the professionalism for which he was known, other high-ranking members of the military began to discuss a coup.
Though he initially kept his distance from the plot, on July 18, , Franco announced the Nationalist manifesto in a broadcast from the Canary Islands as the uprising began in the northwest of Spain. The next day, he flew to Morocco to take control of the troops, and shortly thereafter gained the support of both Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, whose planes were used to shuttle Franco and his forces to Spain. Establishing his base of operations in Seville the following month, Franco began his military campaign, advancing north toward the seat of the Republican government in Madrid.
Anticipating a swift victory, on October 1, , the Nationalist forces declared Franco head of the government and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. However, when their initial assault on Madrid was repelled, the military coup evolved into the protracted conflict known as the Spanish Civil War. Over the next three years, the Nationalist forces — led by Franco and backed by right-wing militias, the Catholic Church.
Germany and Italy — battled the left-wing Republicans, who received aid from the Soviet Union as well as brigades of foreign volunteers. Though the Republicans were able to resist the Nationalist advance for a time, with far-superior military strength, Franco and his forces were able to systematically defeat them, eliminating their opposition region by region.
In January , the Republican stronghold of Barcelona fell to the Nationalists, followed two months later by Madrid. All cultural activities were subject to censorship, and many were forbidden entirely, often in an erratic manner. Francoism professed a strong devotion to militarism, hypermasculinity, and the traditional role of women in society. A woman was to be loving to her parents and brothers and faithful to her husband, and reside with her family.
Most progressive laws passed by the Second Republic were declared void. Women could not become judges, testify in trial, or become university professors. The Civil War had ravaged the Spanish economy. Infrastructure had been damaged, workers killed, and daily business severely hampered. Franco initially pursued a policy of autarky, cutting off almost all international trade.
The policy had devastating effects, and the economy stagnated. Only black marketeers could enjoy an evident affluence. Falangism is widely considered a fascist ideology. Recently viewed 0 Save Search. Your current browser may not support copying via this button.
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